Overpopulation, Population Control and Public Policy Essay

Overpopulation, Population Control and Public Policy The population explosion in the last one hundred years is a well-documented, and well-examined subject matter. All sorts of agencies have devoted time and resources to studying, problematizing, and strategizing in order to deal with the threat of overpopulation. Diverse groups, including the United Nations, have developed plans to encourage population control and decreased fertility rates. I will not go into the specifics of these plans here, as I will be examining them in detail in my presentation next week. However, I will say that population control in Third World nations have become an essential component of public policy, and have taken on many forms around the world. However,†¦show more content†¦When I refer to public health, I mean the spread of certain illnesses that are dangerous to the entire community as a whole. AIDS, syphilis, and other STD’s are certainly prominent examples of these illnesses. The focus on family planning and population control can faci litate the spread of birth control, and education about birth control. The education and spread of condoms, and other birth control methods, is an extremely important issue in most of the world right now. Unfortunately, the education is often failing because of the lack of infrastructure, facilities, and capital necessary to do the job efficiently. However, in nations with preexisting policies of population control could integrate safe sex into the already existing framework of education. However, in those nations with no such programs, population control programs are additional paths through which to spread the safe sex message. In addition, since many NGO’s and the UN provide additional funding for population control methods, it is another way for developing nations to gain assistance in the fight against HIV/AIDS and other STDs. However, family planning also has generally positive effects for women in nations that practice it. Modern forms of birth control and family planning often emphasize the women’s role in minimizing the size of the family. The choice to use birth control and to continue a pregnancy often lies in the hand of the women. The right toShow MoreRelatedChina And Indi Driving Forces Of Overpopulation712 Words   |  3 PagesEmre Can AydÄ ±n Writing Assignment 104A 03/15/2015 China and India: Driving Forces of Overpopulation According to BBC, India s population reached nearly 1.21bn (India census: population goes up to 1.21bn). China is also has the population of 1.36bn according to Chinese Government (China Statistical Yearbook-2014). That s almost the half of the Earth s population. There are negative outcomes of this situation like poverty, depletion of resources and disturbed cultural structures. ActuallyRead MorePoverty Between The Rich And The Poor993 Words   |  4 Pagesit. 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Swift proposes that the children of the poor should be fattened up and sold as food to rich landowners. In doing so it prevents the children of poor people of Ireland from being a burden to their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to the public. He suggested that the children of Ireland would be considered asRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Problem Of Overpopulation1529 Words   |  7 Pagesreport. As time passes by, population is rapidly increasing and there will be less space for people to reside in. Scientists say that this world cannot espouse many people on the next 50 years. This crisis is fatal that can entirely obliterate the whole humankind. Overpopulation is a problem that every nation is facing but sometimes over looked by due to lack of understanding and awareness. This is a serious issue that should be taken care of immediately. Overpopulation is an undesirable situationRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion1635 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is overpopulation? 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Analysis of an Advertisement Essay - 802 Words

Analysis of an Advertisement We live in a fast paced society that is ruled by mass media. Every day we are bombarded by images of, perfect bodies, beautiful hair, flawless skin, and ageless faces that flash at us like a slide show. These ideas and images are embedded in our minds throughout our lives. Advertisements select audience openly and subliminally, and target them with their product. They allude to the fact that in order to be like the people in this advertisement you must use their product. This is not a new approach, nor is it unique to this generation, but never has it been as widely used as it is today. There is an old saying a picture is worth a thousand words, and what better way to tell someone about a product†¦show more content†¦This is an attempt to let the reader know that this is not your ordinary cognac to the. By implying that this liquor appeals to mainly the elite walk of life. These three elements combined to make a target audience, business professionals in their mid twenties t o thirties. One may ask why this group why not try to appeal to working class citizens too. The answer is easy as the average mid sized bottle of cognac cost forty plus dollars. At this price Hennessy is not selling it?s product to the working class but is targeting higher income indivuals. The reason that they have younger people in this advertisement is a universal standard. The up and coming generation will be the ones to buy this product for the next ten to twenty years so those are the people they must reach now. Moreover it will build name recognition for the up and coming buyer, this ad is well scripted in regards to the target audience. The company knows that not every one can buy this product therefore they have targeted a select group who can afford their product. This ad is laid out in such a way that your eye follows the script right down the page. 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Standards Of Professional Nursing Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Standards Of Professional Nursing. Answer: Introduction Conscientious objection has always been a debatable topic in thenursing profession across the world. According to (Odell, Abhyankar, Malcom, Rua, 2014), the conscientious objection can be defined as the decline of a health provider to administer services to a patient, simply because, the process would go against their ethical and moral standards. In the nursing profession, it is often used by nurses to refuse to undertake some duties, procedures or practices based on their conscience. However, this practice has to be practiced within the guidelines and regulations set by the healthcare governing bodies. In Australia, the registered nurses (RNs) work under the guidance of the registered nurse (RN) practice. It is a professional undertaking that needs critical thinking, comprehensive analysis and maintenance of constructive relationships. According to (AustralianNursing Midwifery Federation, 2015), conscientious objection is one of the rights granted to the RNs in Australia. However, RNs are regulated healthcare technicians and exercise their responsibility and accountability to the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA). Conscientious objection involves moments of critical decision-making, moral integrity, and strict adherence to the professional code of conduct for the RNs. But they have to undertake it within the stipulated national and core competency standards set by NMBA by which their performance is assessed. In the medical field, RNs are often faced with a wide range of morally controversial health dilemmas. However, the nurses' right to refusal of what they deem "unacceptable" may have limits. With the rights accorded to defend their moral, religious and ethical integrity, there is a level of refusal that cannot be allowed for anursing professional in line with h/her duty (Megan-Jane Johnstone, 2010), and these includes fear, personal preferences and prejudices. Circumstances that May Lead to Nurses Refusal of Patient Care Among many national professional competency standards set for the RNs by (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia) Compliance with the common law and legislation is required and this means that RNs must be aware among many other rules that their actions must demonstrate legal implications of the nursing practice and legal implications of nursing interventions. Additionally, in their fulfillment of the duty of care, RNs must recognize the responsibility to prevent harm. Another crucial professional competency requires RNs to recognize and respond to unsafe and unprofessional practice, which involves interventions that prevent compromising of care and identifying behaviour that may deter optimal care. All these outlined professional competency practices can provide valid basis for conscientious objection. Generally, RNs are guided by morality and ethics. Understanding what is right or wrong is key to correct decision-making. According to (Magelssen, 2012), having a strong conviction t o morality and religious beliefs that guide you into doing what is right and avoiding the wrongs, is a beautiful and desirable character trait. Therefore, according to (Lachman, 2014) some of the circumstances that may lead to nurses refusal of duty involve the following: A Terrible Violation of Strongly Held Convictions Some circumstances in medical field require tough measures to perform and this is what the RNs are faced with frequently in their line of duties. When a RN has a strong belief that taking part in some practices such as assisted suicide for a terminally ill patient is wrong, he/she will not take part in it. The RN will have to find alternatives including avoiding giving a killer dosage to the patient and instead referring the patient for a palliative care. Ending a patients life is a critical decision that very few would easily accept to participate in. It is morally believed that every person has a right to live, and the nurses primary objective is to save lives, hence, any practice that may involve ending the life of a patient rather than saving it is a tough practice that many deem socially, ethically and morally unacceptable. Plausible Rationale These are circumstances embedded in ethical and religious beliefs of the nurse. Sometimes it involves the secular morals that aid in reasoning and common sense that activities such as ending a patient's life are not acceptable. However (Edwards, 2010), reiterates that even though secular morality should be considered and practiced on the same level as any other morality, it can be unpredictably wrong or disastrous. But as much as this may be a valid reason to question the types of morality used to refuse participation, (Margaret A Burkhardt; Alvita K Nathaniel, 2014) reaffirms that the source of moral values do not matter, but what matters is, they are crucial to the identity of an individual. Integrity and morality are therefore good reasons that may lead a nurse into declining to participate in certain duties. Less Significant Treatments to Your Work In certain circumstances, some hospices accept palliative sedation as a measure to relieve the suffering of terminally ill patients. Therefore, as a nurse, it will not make much sense for you to take up employment in such hospice because, palliative sedation is a controversial practice that has always raised questions, and while some agree with it, others completely despise it. It is, therefore, reasonable for a nurse not take-up a patient care role in a hospice with palliative care unit whereby such crude interventions are clearly inevitable. The Relationship between Conscientious Objection and Nurses Ethics Decisions made by the RNs not participate in patient care in most instances are derived from the ethical point of view, as enshrined in NMBAs professional and ethical principles. RNs have the moral obligation to maintain very high levels of ethical practices. According to the (Australian Nursing Midwifery Federation, 2015), all the nurses regardless of their titles, have a right to decline to participate in activities they strongly hold on religious, moral and ethical grounds. But the federation further adds that, in the process of conscientious objection, the nurses should ensure that they dont compromise quality patient care and safety. According to (Nursing World, 2010), the primary ethical responsibility nursing professionals have is the respect for human dignity. This is the fundamental principle that guides all the procedures and practices of the nursing profession. Conscientious objection arises as for when a nurse is faced with a situation whereby he/she has to break the ethical standards, which is always their conscience. It is understandable that practices such as aiding patient suicide go against the respect for human dignity. Therefore, in this scenario, it is clearly shown that instances of conscientious objection are a clear defense of ethical standards. According to NMBAs competency standards within ethical nursing framework, RNs must accept patients regardless of their ethnic background, culture, gender, religion, age physical or mental state and accept the rights of others, which include the right to life. Furthermore, the RNs must always seek interventions on matters that involve moral conflict. The RN practice must understand the proximity of their patients' health problems, respect their rights and dignity despite their problems and most importantly, that the dignity and worth of a patient are not taken away by the nature of the health problem. The Significance of Conscientious Objection The toughest test RNs encounters is the dilemma of either performing the required tasks or declining and maintaining moral integrity. However, in most instances when nurses are faced with such situations, maintaining ethical integrity should not be an option. Conscientious objection is beneficial to patients. It arises from situations which compromise the eligibility of ethics, and RNs are allowed to practice it, as stipulated in NMBAs competency standards 2.1, practices in accordance with the nursing professions code of ethics and conduct. This is to avoid tempering with integrity, which may lead to moral distress (American Nurses Association., 2010). Since the conscientious objection is based on individuals commitment to stand for the acceptable moral standards (Wicclair, 2011), then those morals can easily be presumably of good faith. Avoiding practices such as ending patient's lives and cases such as abortion are in the best interest of the patient because at the end of the day, only lifethe value of nursingis saved. The conscientious objection serves the purpose of avoiding what is social, morally, religiously and ethically wrong in the nursing profession. Conclusively, conscientious objection is enshrined in integrity and what is morally acceptable as set in NMBAs professional and ethical standards. It should be practiced in the best interest of the patients. Although in some instances, differentiating conscientious objection from factors such as cowardice, personal opinion or dislike by the nurses is difficult (Jackie Crisp; Catherine Taylor; Clint Douglas; Geraldine Rebeiro, 2012); it still doesn't erode the valid reason behind the practice. It is fueled by the refusal of the RNs not to perform some patient care aspects, (Alexandra Robbins, 2016), but at it is a requirement through the ethical principles of nursing that at no point should a nurse abandon the rights of a patient. Bibliography Alexandra Robbins. (2016). The nurses : a year of secrets, drama, and miracles with the heroes of the hospital. New York, NY: Workman Publishing Company, Inc.,. American Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing's social policy statement : the essence of the profession. Silver Spring, Md: American Nurses Association. Australian Nursing Midwifery Federation. (2015). Conscientious objection. ANMF Policy. Edwards, S. (2010). Conscientious objection. Nursing Ethics, 421-423. Jackie Crisp; Catherine Taylor; Clint Douglas; Geraldine Rebeiro. (2012). Potter Perry's Fundamentals of Nursing - AUS Version. London : Elsevier Health Sciences APAC. Lachman, L. D. (2014). Conscientious Objection in Nursing: Definition and Criteria for Acceptance. Ethics, Law and Policy, 196-198. Magelssen, M. (2012). When should conscientious objection be accepted? Journal of Medical Ethics, 18-21. Margaret A Burkhardt; Alvita K Nathaniel. (2014). Ethics issues in contemporary nursing. Australia : Cengage Learning. Megan-Jane Johnstone. (2010). Bioethics : a nursing perspective. Sydney, N.S.W: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. (n.d.). National competency standards for the registered nurse. Nursing World. (2010). Code of Ethics for Nurses With Interpretive Statements. Code of Ethics, 1-14. Odell, J., Abhyankar, R., Malcom, A., Rua, A. (2014). Conscientious objection in health professions. A readers guide to the ethical and social issues. Wicclair, M. (2011). Conscientious objection in health care: An ethical analysis. New York, NY: Cambridge University Pres.

My Role in Preserving Natural Resources Essay Example

My Role in Preserving Natural Resources Essay Natural resources are materials and components (something that can be used) that can be found within the environment. Every man-made product is composed of natural resources (at its fundamental level). A natural resource may exist as a separate entity such as fresh water, and air, as well as a living organism such as a fish, or it may exist in an alternate form which must be processed to obtain the resource such as metal ores, oil, and most forms of energy. They   occur naturally within  environments  that exist relatively undisturbed by mankind, in a  natural  form.There is much debate worldwide over natural resource allocations, this is partly due to increasing scarcity (depletion of resources) but also because the exportation of natural resources is the basis for many economies (particularly for developed nations such as Australia). According to Theodore Roosevelt, The conservation of natural resources is the fundamental problem. Unless we solve that problem, it will ava il us little to solve all others’’. Resource depletion  is the exhaustion of raw materials within a region.In recent years, the depletion of natural resources has become a major focus of governments and organizations such as the United Nations (UN). This is evident in the UNs Agenda 21 Section Two, which outlines the necessary steps to be taken by countries to sustain their natural resources. Depletion of Natural Resources is associated with social inequity. Considering most biodiversity are located in developing countries, depletion of this resource could result in losses of ecosystem services for these countries. Some view this depletion as a major source of social unrest and conflicts in developing nations.The depletion of natural resources is caused by direct drivers of change  such as  Mining,  petroleum extraction,  fishing  and forestry as well as indirect drivers of change such as demography, economy, society, politics and technology. The current pr actice of Agriculture  is another factor causing depletion of natural resources. For example the depletion of nutrients in the soil due to excessive use of nitrogen  and desertification  The depletion of natural resources is a continuing concern for society. This is seen in the cited quote given by  Theodore Roosevelt, a well-known conservationist and formerUnited States president, was opposed to unregulated natural resource extraction. Air, water, soil, forests, animals, etc. , that are provided by nature or occur naturally are called natural resources. Some of these natural resources like sunlight and wind are renewable resources. This means that they can be used again and again without being exhausted. But some like forests, minerals, oil, etc. , are non-renewable. We need to conserve and preserve these resources or soon they will be exhausted. 1. Preservation of forests and wild animals: We need to stop destroying forests and cutting trees.Forests are the home to many di fferent animals, birds and insects. Many animals like the leopard, the Indian Wild Ass, the great Indian one-horned Rhinocerous, etc. have become endangered and are close to extinction because of the destruction of their natural habitat. Trees give us wood that helps in making so many things like furniture, paper, etc. Trees help in purifying the air and also hold the soil with their roots and stop soil erosion. We must protect our forests. This can be done in the following ways : * We must control the cutting of trees and plant more trees. We must prevent forest fires. 2. Converting forests to National  Parks  and Bird Sanctuaries: The government has now started protecting forests by converting them into national parks and wildlife or bird sanctuaries. Cutting of trees or killing of birds and animals is not allowed here and is punishable by the law. Grazing or cultivating of the land is also prohibited. Some national parks of India are marked on the map given alongside. The Kaz iranga National Park in Assam is famous for one-horned rhinoceros. Bird sanctuaries are areas where birds are protected and encouraged to breed.The Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary is one of the biggest bird sanctuaries in India. It houses more than 415 kinds of birds, out of which many birds like the Siberian crane, flycatchers, buntings, etc. , migrate from places as far away as Siberia and China. 3. Preservation of soil: Soil is a very important natural resource. Man and animals depend on plants for their food and plants get nourishment from the soil. So we can say that all living things depend on soil for their food. The process of wind, rain or rivers carrying away the top  fertile layer of soil is called soil erosion.Cutting of trees or deforestation, strong winds in places of less vegetation (deserts), running of water bodies over the soil and overgrazing are all causes of soil erosion. We can prevent it by the following methods : i) Forestation or planting trees as their roots hol d the soil together. Cultivating the soil also provides it cover and prevents wind from blowing it away, ii) Terrace or step farming done on slopes of hills slows the speed of water flowing down and reduces soil erosion. iii) Building embankments on river banks prevents soil erosion by the rivers. 4. Preservation of minerals:We must use minerals sensibly as they are non-renewable natural resources. There is only a limited amount of oil, limestone, iron, coal, etc. , found in the Earth. We should use renewable and non-polluting sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, etc. , instead of coal and oil so that they can last longer. 5. Windmill is used to harness wind energy: Though some resources like air, water, soil, etc. , are renewable we should use them carefully as their pollution has affect on plants and animals too. Even a small change in environment or the quality of natural resources affects life around it.