Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 962 Words

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a relatively new name for a condition that has bedeviled veterans of the military service members throughout the history of warfare. It has taken people around the world, especially within the military branches an exceptionally long time to understand and face the reality of a growing epidemic known as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The best and ideal starting point to understand PTSD would be by raising the question, what is PTSD? According to physiological explanation PTSD is an anxiety disorder that may develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which severe physical harm occurred or was threatened. Traumatic events that may trigger PTSD include violent personal assaults, natural or unnatural disaster, accidents or military combat. PTSD symptoms may vary in different aspects, mostly based on the individual and the events that triggered the PTSD. Even though PTSD might have a variety of symptoms and vary by degree it c an be categorized into two main types, Emotional symptoms and physical symptoms. The most common emotional symptoms are depression, stress, panic, guilt, and paralyzed emotions, including the inability to feel pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable which is known as Anhedonia. Majority if not all the physical problems related to PTSD are a direct or indirect result of the emotional problems that develop due to PTSD. The most common physical symptoms are insomnia, neurologicalShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. Family members of victims can also develop PTSD and it can occur in people of any age. The diagnosis for PTSD requires one or more symptoms to beRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issuesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Traumatic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1198 Words   |  5 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a mental illness that is triggered by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. â€Å"PTSD was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes(NIMH,2015).† PTSD is recognized as a psychobiological mentalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1423 Words   |  6 Pages Mental diseases and disorders have been around since humans have been inhabiting earth. The field of science tasked with diagnosing and treating these disorders is something that is always evolving. One of the most prevalent disorders in our society but has only recently been acknowledged is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Proper and professional diagnosis and definitions of PTSD was first introduced by the American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the third edition of the Diagnostic andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Identity, Groups, and PTSD In 1980, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD,) was officially categorized as a mental disorder even though after three decades it is still seen as controversial. The controversy is mainly founded around the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and politics. The author believes that a group level analysis will assist in understanding the contradictory positions in the debate of whether or not PTSD is a true disorder. The literature regarding this topicRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1780 Words   |  8 Pagesmental illnesses. One such illness is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental illness that affects a person’s sympathetic nervous system response. A more common name for this response is the fight or flight response. In a person not affected by post-traumatic stress disorder this response activates only in times of great stress or life threatening situations. â€Å"If the fight or flight is successful, the traumatic stress will usually be released or dissipatedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1444 Words   |  6 PagesYim – Human Stress 2 December 2014 PTSD in War Veterans Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition that is fairly common with individuals that have experienced trauma, especially war veterans. One in five war veterans that have done service in the Iraq or Afghanistan war are diagnosed with PTSD. My group decided to focus on PTSD in war veterans because it is still a controversial part of stressful circumstances that needs further discussion. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD amongst war

The Morality Of Voluntary Euthanasia - 1563 Words

Euthanasia, defined as the act of â€Å"putting a person to painless death especially in case of incurable suffering,† is a controversial subject surrounded by many moral dilemmas (Murkey, 2008). Although euthanasia is the overarching term used to describe the act itself, within it are three principal forms: voluntary, non-voluntary and involuntary, each of which pertains to case specific issues. Following The Supreme Court’s recent decision deeming Canada’s controversial law against physician-assisted suicide unconstitutional, I will focus here on the morality of voluntary euthanasia (VE) and physician-assisted suicide (PAS), as well as the legal limitations to which their implementations shall be bound. VE is referred to as â€Å"the intentional act of causing the death of another who is competent and has made the request† (Higgins Altilo, 2007). By minor accounts, PAS differs from VE in the sense that it involves the provision of death hastening medication to a competent patient, after which the act of hastening death is in the patient’s control (Higgins Altilo, 2007). Although the act of administering the medication may differ, as well as the persons so acting, I conclude that the intent of both sorts of acts are equivalent. Therefore, I argue for the decriminalization of both VE and PAS under specific, restrictive, and legally regulated circumstances. The criteria to be followed should be such that the patient in question is suffering from a terminal illness where all otherShow MoreRelatedShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?907 Words   |  4 PagesHippocratic Oath†), directly refuting the morality of voluntary active euthanasia, which is a highly contentious issue in the United States. Voluntary active euthanasia is currently illegal in the United States. However, I believe that patients with terminal illnesses experiencing a lot of pain and misery should have the right to die the way they choose, with dignity, instead of being subjected to agony. People should be able to choose voluntary active euthanasia, if ever need be, which is why I believeRead MoreThe Morality Of Euthanasia By James Rachels1086 Words   |  5 PagesID: 3339147 Active Euthanasia Does James Rachels in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† successfully argue that in at least some cases active euthanasia is morally acceptable? Explain his view and respond to it. In this essay, we are going to analyze the main ideas included in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† by James Rachels to provide a response to the following question: Does James Rachels in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† successfully argue that in at least some cases active euthanasia is morally acceptableRead MoreUtilitarianism and Euthanasia1031 Words   |  5 Pages April 28, 2011 ETHICS The moral issue that I will discuss about is Euthanasia. Euthanasia simplu means bringing the death of another for the benefit of that person and also known as mercy killing. â€Å"When a person carries out an act of euthanasia, he brings about the death of another person because he believes the latters present existence is so bad that she would be better off dead, or believes that unlessRead MoreEssay on Euthanasia a Topic Surrounded by Controversies780 Words   |  4 Pages Euthanasia is a very controversial subject, due to the fact it’s a way of painless killing of a patient suffering from a debilitating disease that cannot be cured, or the patient is in a coma and has no way of coming out of it. In this case some societies consider it’s a good way of dying, as it is done to relieve pain and suffering. Some, especially most of religious individuals, consider this a form of a murder, which raises a question of morality. In this article, the author is discussing the Read MoreThe Ethics Of Non Voluntary Active Euthanasia1050 Words   |  5 PagesThe idea of non-voluntary active euthanasia is not such a disaster, as euthanasia itself. The problem that comes into consideration is when and why it should be used. When euthanasia is non-voluntary and active, such as on a patient with dementia, the ethical decision comes into play if there are episodes of clarity and the patient has or has not mentioned what they want to do at the end of life situations. Principles of deontology suggest duty and obligation. A medical professional in such situationsRead MoreThe Issue Of Euthanasia And Euthanasia888 Words   |  4 Pages Euthanasia by definition is the act or practice of ending the life of someone who is very sick or injured in order to prevent any more suffering. In this controversial matter, are sick or injured people really all that â€Å"euthanasia† is referring to? In America, we have the freedom to choose, but do we have the freedom to choose life over death, or even death over life? Many discussions have led to the issue freedom of choice. Is allowing people to choose death, freedom, or encouraging theRead MoreAssisted Suicide And Voluntary Active Euthanasia Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesassisted suicide and voluntary active euthanasia. Physician assisted suicide is when the patient is prescribed lethal medicine by the doctor to commit suicide. While, voluntary active euthanasia is when a physician takes an active role in the action of killing the patient. There is often debate on whether or not any of these actions should be legalized in all states. Physician assisted suicide is legal in Oregon, California, Montana, Vermont, and Washington. Voluntary active euthanasia is illegal throughoutRead MoreThe Dilemma Of Euthanasi Whose Life Is It?1165 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dilemma of Euthanasia The Dilemma of Euthanasia: Whose Life Is It? Andrea R Burroughs Ethics for the Health Care Professionals Dr. Ferhat Zengul November 8, 2014 Abstract The practice of euthanasia is one of the most debatable topics in many countries today. It’s been a pertinent issue in human rights because it affects both legal and ethical issues. This paper will include an overview and clarification of the euthanasia issue. It will also include legal and ethical debates thatRead MoreAssisted Suicide And Voluntary Active Euthanasia Essay1345 Words   |  6 Pagesassisted suicide and voluntary active euthanasia. Physician assisted suicide is when the patient is prescribed lethal medicine by the doctor to commit suicide. Meanwhile, voluntary active euthanasia is when a physician takes an active role in the act of killing the patient. There is often debate on whether or not any of these actions should be legalized in all states. Physician assisted suicide is legal in Oregon, California, Montana, Vermont, and Washington. Voluntary active euthanasia is illegal throughoutRead More Is Euthanasia Morally Acceptable? Essay2334 Words   |  10 Page sare debated by those considering the morality of euthanasia, which is a very controversial topics in America. Euthanasia can be defined as â€Å"bringing about the death of another person to somehow benefit that person† (Pojman). The term implies that the death is intentional. Because there are several different types of euthanasia, it is difficult to make a blanket statement concerning the morality of euthanasia. This paper will discuss the particular morality of the passive and active forms of involuntary

Notes On Green Fluorescent Proteins - 910 Words

1. Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) GFP is a widely used tool in the field of Molecular biology and Cell biology. It involves emission of fluorescence under Ultra Violet light which allows for direct investigation into the inner working of cells. Green Fluorescent Protein was first isolated from the jelly fish Aequorea victoria by Osamu Shimomura (Shimomura et al., 1962). Since its discovery, it has become useful in the field of science. The GFP chromophore is formed from tri peptide in the primary structure of GFP. Its fluorescence is turned on when exposed to molecular oxygen. The gene of GFP has been introduced into many bacteria, yeast, fungi, plants and humans (Amsterdam, A. et al., 1996) and it is still gaining rapid ground in the field of biological science. 2. Structure of the Green Fluorescent Protein The GFP is composed of two structures; a barrel beta structure consisting of 11 beta strands and an alpha helix containing the covalently bonded chromophore 4-p-(hydroxybenzylidene) imidazolidin-5-one. The chromophore is in the centre of the barrel beta structure (Tsien, 1998). The size of the beta structure is 42Ã… long and 24Ã… in diameter. Due to its length and width it creates a beta like structure which is common in the GFP family (Yang, 1996). The chromophore is made from a tri-peptide Ser65–Tyr66–Gly67. To form its structure GFP first folds into a nearly native conformation, then the imidazolinoneis is formed by nucleophilic attack of the amide of Gly67 on theShow MoreRelatedA Study On Green Fluorescent Proteins1642 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion: Would the GFP gene in a pGLO transformed E. coli be activated by a sugar other than arabinose? Introduction: Green Fluorescent Protein, produced by the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria, is a protein that fluoresces green under ultraviolet light. Since its discovery, properties of the protein have been improved by mutations in the gene resulting in the expansion of its spectrum, which now contains brighter variants and multiple different colors. GFP is used in a wide varietyRead MoreFluorescent Protein Coding Regions Of Species Of The Cnidarian Phyla2302 Words   |  10 PagesFluorescent Protein coding regions of species of the Cnidarian phyla, will be subjected to an evolutionary analysis focusing on gene duplication, expansion and divergence. This will allow the evolutionary processes that led to the development of these gene become clear. Changes due to mutations and other factors which occurr in DNA sequences cause variation of genes over evolutionary time. Characterisation of fluorescent proteins across sister phyla will allow accurate conclusion of the origins ofRead MorePgl o Transformation Essay1840 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this experiment was to show the genetic transformation of E. coli bacteria with a plasmid that codes for Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and contains a gene regulatory system that confers ampicillin resistance. A plasmid is a genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of chromosomes. In this lab, the Green Fluorescent Protein, which is typically found in the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea Victoria, was cloned, purified, and moved from one organism toRead MoreA Fluorescent Mirna Sensor For The Study Of Exrna And Drug Delivery3542 Words   |  15 PagesA Fluorescent miRNA Sensor for the Study of exRNA and Drug Delivery Abstract: Increasing evidence suggests cell-to-cell communication is possible through extracellular RNAs (exRNAs). RNA (including mRNA, miRNA, or lincRNA) has, on many accounts, been found packaged inside extracellular vesicles (EVs) which may traverse through a variety of bodily fluids to be taken up by a recipient cell. The biological significance of exRNAs is largely unknown. However, preliminary studies suggest they may playRead MoreCell Biology Lab Manual5674 Words   |  23 Pages2) What part of the step by step procedure in sterile technique is considered personal hygiene? A. Farting B. Sanitizing the safety hood with 70% ethanol C. Washing your hands D. All of the above * Answers 1) B 2) C NOTE: Sterile Technique should be used in every lab procedure that we do this year Media Preparation * Introduction to media preparation Cell culture media is a growth medium or culture medium that is designed to support the growth of microorganismsRead MoreTransformation Of Recombinant Egfp / Coli And Analysis With Biotechnology And Bioinformatics Tools3344 Words   |  14 Pagesmolecular biology outlines the flow of genetic information through a biological system. The main aspects include replication of the genetic code (DNA), transcription of DNA into RNA, and translation of RNA into polypeptides which form functional proteins and enzymes. Molecular biologist can manipulate this theory to isolate and multiply a desired trait. This is the basis behind recombinant DNA technology and many pharmaceuticals are produced using these techniques. Following the central dogma, theRead MoreStem Cell Activity Towards Tissue Regeneration1427 Words   |  6 Pagesreverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining at the fracture site, which showed molecular and histological expressi on of human-specific endothelial and osteoblast markers 2 weeks after transplantation. Of note, the overlapping origin of the endothelial and osteogenic markers was also confirmed by single cell RT-PCR, and we found that approximately osteocalcin mRNA expression was confirmed in 20% of human PB CD34+ cells. Previous reports showing that CD34+and/orRead MoreCre Recombinase Activity Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagescomplementation system introduces both temporal and special control of site specific recombination using Cre recombinase enzyme. This system solved many drawbacks have emerged during the extensive use of Cre recombinase in molecular biology. The complemented protein is almost as efficient as the Full CRE in the recombination activity (~95%). Moreover, each fragment lacks the recombinase activity. This system allows precise genetic manipulation. It has a special importance in neuroscience lacking selective promoterRead MoreTreating Cardiovascular Disease Via Gene Therapy And The Future Direction Of This As A Therapeutic Option2912 Words   |  12 Pagesheart failure gene therapy have focused primarily on the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a, adenylate cyclase 6, and the SDF-1 proteins within the human body. The sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a is of significant interest to researchers because it has been found to be defective in heart failure. More specifically, the expression of this protein as well as its function have shown to be significantly reduced in heart failure, with its decrease thought to play a role in the low levelRead MoreRisks and Benefits of Genetically Modified Foods Essays2416 Words   |  10 Pagesdesigned what they call Enviropigs, hogs that have been modified so that their manure contains up to 75 percent less phosphorus than the average swine (Vestal). One might have expected green groups to embrace this development, but not so: Enviropigs, represent a unique dilemma for environmentalists. Major green environmental organizations are virtually unanimous in the view that genetically-modified products should be banned. But the Enviropigs address a major environmental problem -- one those

Human Resource Management Business Organisations in Managing

Question: Discuss about the case study Human Resource Management for Business Organisations in Managing. Answer: Introduction Human resource management is an approach that helps business organisations in managing their workforce in the best possible manner and in optimising their performance by using the concepts provided in the subject. Human resource management has given business organisations some important concepts, such as compensation benefits, performance management, recruitment and selection, career management, training and development, etc. (Inc.com, 2016) Human resource management basically deals with the work conditions and improving them to keep the employees motivated and optimise their performances by providing them with the best work conditions. Hackman and Oldham were two people who proposed the Job Characteristics theory, also known as the JCT (Tutor2u.net, 2016). The basic idea that the two suggested was that the job itself or the task itself was one of the key components that could keep the employees motivated. They said that if the job given to an employee is boring or monotonous, it would stifle the motivation of the employee to work well and on the other hand, a challenging job would always foster motivation amongst the employees. They also suggested in their work that if the employees are motivated to work harder and accept challenging work, they would perform better, will be more satisfied with their jobs and the organisation would be able to experience reduced absenteeism and employee turnover rates (Yourcoach.be, 2016) . Therefore, in this report, we will discuss a number of academic literature resources and find out whether the tasks or the jobs can actually help in keeping the employees motivated and improve the final results for the company as well as for the employees. Relation Between Job/Tasks And Employee Performance The modern day business world is tough and only the toughest of the organisations can survive in the global competition. With the advancement of technology and increase in the reach of people, it has become very easy for business organisations to replicate operations and processes and achieve business competencies in the market. Thus, business organisations cannot rely upon technology, operations or processes to gain competitive advantage in the market and are left with only human resources, which can help them in achieving market competencies. Therefore, it is very important that business organisations are able to provide the human resources with the best working conditions and optimise their performances to achieve the best results. Work conditions here do not merely mean that business organisations should provide the employees with a comfortable cabin to sit in and other facilities that can satisfy their needs. Work conditions here means that the business organisations should provide the employees with tasks or work that suits their expertise and is challenging enough to make them use their mind and skills. Human resource managements are now going for concepts such as job enrichment, job rotation and job transfer to make the working conditions tougher and more interesting for the employees. Job enrichment aims at providing new type of work to the employees so that they do not feel bored with their day-to-day work. Let us now talk about some benefits of providing a challenging work environment to the workforce: Learning new skills it has been found that the employees are eager to acquire new skills and techniques that would help them in building their careers and advancing on their career paths. When they are given challenging work or something new to work on, they feel that they have been given an opportunity to learn something new. They feel that they are given a responsibility which they must fulfil to prove themselves. Thus, the idea of being able to learn new skills motivates the employees to work harder (Bizcommunity.com, 2016). Reduced boredom it has been found that most of the employees feel bored when they have to do the same work over and over again. Boredom has been found to have a great negative impact on the performance of the employees as they do not feel that their work is challenging or interesting anymore. Providing a challenging work environment to the employees ensures that they do not feel bored and have something to continuously look forward to (Smallbusiness.chron.com, 2016). Receive recognition recognition has been found to be one of the most esteem needs of employees working in an organisation. Recognition was also included by Maslow in his Need Hierarchy Theory in which he suggested that the fulfilment of needs motivates the employees to perform better (Study.com, 2016). Providing challenging work to the employees gives the management an opportunity to test their skills, strengths and weaknesses. An employee who is able to perform well in the task that has been given to him stands an opportunity to gain recognition within the organisation and increase his future prospects for performance appraisal or promotions. Employee Motivation when the seniors of the organisation trust the employees with responsibilities and challenging work, the employees feel that they do matter to the company and are an important part of the organisation. They feel their sense of belongingness to the company and the feeling of being responsible motivates them to work harder and better for the company (YourArticleLibrary.com: The Next Generation Library, 2015). Sense of accomplishments when the management works hard to improve the work conditions for the employees and provide them with challenging work that can reduce their boredom, the employees too feel responsible. When they feel responsible, they also feel motivated to work harder and when they perform well due to their motivation, they receive a sense of accomplishment in the end. Benefits for the employer Providing challenging work to the employees is not only beneficial for the employees but also has a great number of advantages for the employers too. The employers can provide challenging work to their employees and can test their skills and knowledge and can easily identify the employees who can be considered for promotions or to fulfil higher vacancies. Further, the employer can also identify the skills or knowledge that is missing in the employees and can arrange for the training and development of the workforce. Therefore, the employer can improve the work conditions and quality of work for the employees by providing challenging work to the employees and testing their skills (Reddy, 2016). Creates a professional approach the practice of providing challenging work to the employees also involves introducing a number of regular changes in the organisation. Changes related to routine, jobs, tasks, etc. helps in making the workplace interesting for the employees and they become more professional. Reduced absenteeism researchers have shown that job enrichment, or the practice of providing new and challenging work to the workforce, helps a lot in bringing down the absenteeism rates in the organisation, which can greatly improve the final results of a company. When the management provides challenging work and tasks to the employees on regular basis, they have to act more responsibly and even their interest increases in the work that they do. As the employees become more responsible and interested in the work that they do, they avoid taking meaningless holidays or not showing up at work uninformed. Thus, an organisation can bring down the absenteeism rates by making the work environment better and providing more challenging work to the employees. Reduced labour turnover rates it has been observed that organisations that provide monotonous or similar work to their employees over and over again have experienced higher labour turnover rates as compared to the organisations that provide challenging and interesting work to their employees. The clear logic behind the finding is that when the employees are given similar work to do every day, they feel bored, their skills are not used adequately and their chances of future growth reduce due to lack of learning, training and development. Thus, they tend to leave such organisations that cannot provide them challenging work. On the other hand, the employees that get challenging work regularly are able to learn new skills and techniques, which help them in developing their career. Thus, they tend to stick with such companies. Conclusion From the information presented above, it can be easily observed that an organisation can achieve a great number of benefits by providing better working conditions and also better or more challenging work to the employees. The type of work that an organisation provides to its employees can greatly affect the job satisfaction, motivation and performance level of the employees. An organisation that provides boring and monotonous work to its employees kills the opportunity of fostering a creative and challenging work environment at the workplace. As a result, the employees feel bored and they tend to take unnecessary leaves or switch to other companies, which can further have a negative impact on the performance of the company in the longer run. On the other hand, a company that is able to provide better working conditions to the employees and provide them with work that challenges their skills, makes them learn something new and can benefit them or their career in the future, is able to foster a workplace environment that promotes creativity and challenge. As a result, the employees feel motivated and are highly interested in the work that they do. Their commitment towards their jobs and towards the organisation increases and they show less absenteeism. Consequently, the labour turnover rates also come down. Therefore, it can be clearly seen that such an organisation can perform well in the longer run and can achieve better results by providing better work to its workforce. Thus, the claim made by Hackman and Oldham that if employees feel their jobs are interesting, challenging and important, they will be motivated, and that high motivation will lead to improved wok performance, job satisfaction and reduced absenteeism and labour turnover is actually true in the modern day business world. References Hackman Oldhams Job Characteristics Model | Business | tutor2u. (2016). Tutor2u.net. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/hackman-oldhams-job-characteristics-model Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model | Employee motivation theories | YourCoach Gent. (2016). Yourcoach.be. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.yourcoach.be/en/employee-motivation-theories/hackman-oldham-job-characteristics-model.php Hackman, J., Pearce, J., Wolfe, J. (1978). Effects of changes in job characteristics on work attitudes and behaviors: A naturally occurring quasi-experiment. Organizational Behavior And Human Performance, 21(3), 289-304. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(78)90055-7 Hosie, P., Sevastos, P., Cooper, C. (2006). Happy-performing managers. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Human Resource Management. (2016). Inc.com. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/human-resource-management.html Job Enrichment: Meaning, Characteristics, Advantages and Limitations. (2015). YourArticleLibrary.com: The Next Generation Library. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/hrm/jobs/job-enrichment-meaning-characteristics-advantages-and-limitations/53318/ Oldham, G., Hackman, J., Pearce, J. (1976). Conditions under which employees respond positively to enriched work. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 61(4), 395-403. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.61.4.395 Reddy, K. (2016). Top 15 Advantages and Disadvantages of Job Enrichment - WiseStep. WiseStep. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://content.wisestep.com/top-advantages-disadvantages-job-enrichment/ The Advantages Disadvantages of Job Enrichment. (2016). Smallbusiness.chron.com. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-job-enrichment-11960.html The importance of a challenging work environment. (2016). Bizcommunity.com. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/410/423/76259.html The Needs Theory: Motivating Employees with Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Video Lesson Transcript | Study.com. (2016). Study.com. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-needs-theory-motivating-employees-with-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs.html